EVALUASI KOMPARATIF RESPONS STRUKTUR BANGUNAN BERTINGKAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA DAN PERHITUNGAN MANUAL

Abstract

The use of finite element method-based software has become a standard in multi-story building structural planning, yet validation through manual calculations remains crucial to ensure design reliability. This study aims to perform a comparative evaluation of the structural response of a 5-story building using SAP2000 v22 software and manual calculations based on SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019 standards. The evaluated parameters include base shear, beam bending moments, column axial forces, and reinforcement area requirements. The analysis results show that the manual method produces a more conservative base shear with a deviation of 10-12% compared to dynamic response spectrum analysis, while still meeting the 85% threshold validation criteria. In beam elements, a difference in support moments of 13.89% was found, influenced by the rigid zone modeling in the software, while column axial forces showed a high convergence rate with a difference of only 2.36%. The use of SAP2000 provides reinforcement area efficiency of up to ±25% compared to manual calculations. Overall, all structural response parameters showed deviations below 15%, indicating that the finite element method is valid and reliable for detailed engineering design, with manual calculations remaining an essential quality control instrument